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1.
Rev Bras Enferm ; 76Suppl 4(Suppl 4): e20220807, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38088710

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: to map evidence on educational technology use for accident prevention due to falls in childhood. METHODS: a scoping review, carried out in October and November 2022, in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, BDENF and CINAHL databases and LILACS bibliographic index. There was no delimitation of language or time. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively by two independent researchers. The research protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. RESULTS: twenty-six studies were selected. Booklets, pamphlets and leaflets were the most used technologies, presenting health services as the most frequent environment to develop research on fall prevention. The technologies developed were important outcomes: increased knowledge of children, family members, caregivers, health and education professionals. CONCLUSIONS: educational technology use makes it possible to increase knowledge, adopt safe practices and reduce falls.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes , Família , Criança , Humanos , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Cuidadores , Tecnologia Educacional
2.
PLoS One ; 18(12): e0295755, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38091322

RESUMO

Safety management is a key issue in the railroad industry that needs to be continuously focused on. And it is essential to study causes of accidents for preventing accidents. However, there is a limited academic discussion on the systematic study of organizations and accidents, as well as their safety-related interactions and accidents, as opposed to human-caused disasters. Thus, the model of China's railway safety supervision and management system by sorting out the existing organizations involved in management in China is established in this paper. Firstly, social forces and auxiliary enterprises are specifically added to the model. And then, the relationship between organizations and accidents, as well as the relationship between safety interactions among organizations and accidents are explored by analyzing 224 accident reports, which led to 4 principles for accident prevention. Finally, based on these principles, measures to secure organizational nodes, as well as measures to promote safe interactions among organizations are proposed. The results showed that: (1) China Railway node is not only the most critical node in the safety supervision and management system but also the most vulnerable to the influence of other nodes. (2) The accident occurred due to the simultaneous occurrence of an accident at the China Railway node and the social force node. (3) When there are often safety risks in auxiliary enterprises and social forces simultaneously, the government's management is likely to be defective. The findings in this study can provide helpful references not only for improvement of safety management system structure and supervision and management mechanism but also for the formulation of safety supervision and management policies in China and other countries.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes , Gestão da Segurança , Humanos , Gestão da Segurança/métodos , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes , China , Organizações
4.
BMC Public Health ; 22(1): 966, 2022 05 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35562726

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the appraisal of clinical interventions, complex evidence synthesis methods, such as network meta-analysis (NMA), are commonly used to investigate the effectiveness of multiple interventions in a single analysis. The results from a NMA can inform clinical guidelines directly or be used as inputs into a decision-analytic model assessing the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. However, there is hesitancy in using complex evidence synthesis methods when evaluating public health interventions. This is due to significant heterogeneity across studies investigating such interventions and concerns about their quality. Threshold analysis has been developed to help assess and quantify the robustness of recommendations made based on results obtained from NMAs to potential limitations of the data. Developed in the context of clinical guidelines, the method may prove useful also in the context of public health interventions. In this paper, we illustrate the use of the method in public health, investigating the effectiveness of interventions aiming to increase the uptake of accident prevention behaviours in homes with children aged 0-5. METHODS: Two published random effects NMAs were replicated and carried out to assess the effectiveness of several interventions for increasing the uptake of accident prevention behaviours, focusing on the safe storage of other household products and stair gates outcomes. Threshold analysis was then applied to the NMAs to assess the robustness of the intervention recommendations made based on the results from the NMAs. RESULTS: The results of the NMAs indicated that complex intervention, including Education, Free/low-cost equipment, Fitting equipment and Home safety inspection, was the most effective intervention at promoting accident prevention behaviours for both outcomes. However, the threshold analyses highlighted that the intervention recommendation was robust for the stair gate outcome, but not robust for the safe storage of other household items outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In our case study, threshold analysis allowed us to demonstrate that there was some discrepancy in the intervention recommendation for promoting accident prevention behaviours as the recommendation was robust for one outcome but not the other. Therefore, caution should be taken when considering such interventions in practice for the prevention of poisonings in homes with children aged 0-5. However, there can be some confidence in the use of this intervention in practice to promote the possession of stair gates to prevent falls in homes with children under 5. We have illustrated the potential benefit of threshold analysis in the context of public health and, therefore, encourage the use of the method in practice as a sensitivity analysis for NMA of public health interventions.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes , Saúde Pública , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes Domésticos/prevenção & controle , Criança , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos
5.
PLoS One ; 16(12): e0261383, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34972123

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Traffic speed is important to public health as it is a major contributory factor to collision risk and casualty severity. 20mph (32km/h) speed limit interventions are an increasingly common approach to address this transport and health challenge, but a more developed evidence base is needed to understand their effects. This study describes the changes in traffic speed and traffic volume in the City of Edinburgh, pre- and 12 months post-implementation of phased city-wide 20mph speed limits from 2016-2018. METHODS: The City of Edinburgh Council collected speed and volume data across one full week (24 hours a day) pre- and post-20mph speed limits for 66 streets. The pre- and post-speed limit intervention data were compared using measures of central tendency, dispersion, and basic t-tests. The changes were assessed at different aggregations and evaluated for statistical significance (alpha = 0.05). A mixed effects model was used to model speed reduction, in the presence of key variables such as baseline traffic speed and time of day. RESULTS: City-wide, a statistically significant reduction in mean speed of 1.34mph (95% CI 0.95 to 1.72) was observed at 12 months post-implementation, representing a 5.7% reduction. Reductions in speed were observed throughout the day and across the week, and larger reductions in speed were observed on roads with higher initial speeds. Mean 7-day volume of traffic was found to be lower by 86 vehicles (95% CI: -112 to 286) representing a reduction of 2.4% across the city of Edinburgh (p = 0.39) but with the direction of effect uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the city-wide 20mph speed limit intervention was associated with meaningful reductions in traffic speeds but not volume. The reduction observed in road traffic speed may act as a mechanism to lessen the frequency and severity of collisions and casualties, increase road safety, and improve liveability.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Condução de Veículo/legislação & jurisprudência , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Cidades , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Segurança , Escócia/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
PLoS One ; 16(7): e0253827, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34197502

RESUMO

Investigation reveals that a high percentage of incident causes are ascribed to some forms of human error. To effectively prevent incidents from happening, Human Reliability Analysis (HRA), as a structured way to represent unintentional operator contribution to system reliability, is a critical issue. Human Error Reduction and Assessment Technique (HEART) as a famous HRA technique, provides a straightforward method to estimate probabilities of human error based on the analysis of tasks. However, it faces varying levels of uncertainty in assigning of weights to each error producing condition (EPC), denoted as assessed proportion of affect (APOA), by experts. To overcome this limitation and consider the confidence level (reliability or credibility) of the experts, the current study aimed at proposing a composite HEART methodology for human error probability (HEP) assessment, which integrates HEART and Z-numbers short for, Z-HEART. The applicability and effectiveness of the Z-HEART has been illustrated in the de-energization power line as a case study. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is fulfilled to investigate the validity of the proposed methodology. It can be concluded that Z-HEART is feasible for assessing human error, and despite the methodological contributions, it offers many advantages for electricity distribution companies.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Instalação Elétrica , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Humanos , Probabilidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Incerteza
7.
PLoS One ; 16(5): e0250948, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33970943

RESUMO

Ship collision accidents are the primary threat to traffic safety in the sea. Collision accidents can cause casualties and environmental pollution. The collision risk is a major indicator for navigators and surveillance operators to judge the collision danger between meeting ships. The number of collision accidents per unit time in a certain water area can be considered to describe the regional collision risk However, historical ship collision accidents have contingencies, small sample sizes and weak regularities; hence, ship collision conflicts can be used as a substitute for ship collision accidents in characterizing the maritime traffic safety situation and have become an important part of methods that quantitatively study the traffic safety problem and its countermeasures. In this work, an EMD-QPSO-LSSVM approach, which is a hybrid of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) optimized least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model, is proposed to forecast ship collision conflicts. First, original ship collision conflict time series are decomposed into a collection of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue with EMD. Second, both the IMF components and residue are applied to establish the corresponding LSSVM models, where the key parameters of the LSSVM are optimized by QPSO algorithm. Then, each subseries is predicted with the corresponding LSSVM. Finally, the prediction values of the original ship collision conflict datasets are calculated by the sum of the forecasting values of each subseries. The prediction results of the proposed method is compared with GM, Lasso regression method, EMD-ENN, and the predicted results indicate that the proposed method is efficient and can be used for the ship collision conflict prediction.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Navios/normas , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Algoritmos , Simulação por Computador , Humanos , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Modelos Teóricos , Estatística como Assunto , Taiwan
8.
BMJ Mil Health ; 167(3): 187-191, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34021066

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: According to data released by the Korea National Statistical Office, the number of accidents has been decreasing since 2012. However, a considerable number of deaths related to safety accidents (23-46 deaths) are still reported annually. This study aimed to observe the correlation between accident prevention activities in the Republic of Korea (ROK) military and the incidence of safety accidents. METHODS: The study used data from the 2014-2015 Military Health Survey and included 13 618 responses (Army: 8414 (61.8%); Navy/Marine: 2262 (16.6%); Air Force: 2942 (21.6%)) from the ROK military personnel. Accident experiences and thoughts on accident prevention activities were self-reported. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the validity of accident prevention activity and accident experience. RESULTS: Of the 13 618 military personnel who responded, 12.0% reported experiencing safety accidents in the military and 1020 (7.5%) felt that accident prevention activities in the military were insufficient. On logistic regression analysis, we found a significant difference (insufficiency OR=1.56, CI 1.31 to 1.86). In particular, military personnel who belong to the Army and Navy were more likely to think that accident prevention activities were insufficient. In addition, military personnel who experienced falls/slips, crash, and laceration/puncture wound/amputation/penetrating wound accidents were more likely to think accident prevention activities were insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that accident prevention activities in the military and accident experiences were related. It is necessary for the ROK Ministry of Defense, Army, Navy and Air Force headquarters to re-evaluate their accident prevention systems.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Medicina Militar/métodos , Medicina Preventiva/métodos , Prevenção de Acidentes/tendências , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medicina Militar/tendências , Medicina Preventiva/tendências , República da Coreia , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Traffic Inj Prev ; 22(4): 307-312, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33819126

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The road traffic safety situation around the world is not optimistic. The development of intelligent vehicles has become an ideal way to reduce road traffic crashes. The adaptive cruise control (ACC) system is an effective intelligent vehicle active safety system for avoiding certain types of collisions. This study aimed to assess the safety benefits of ACC in China, including the potential maximum impact and realistic impact. METHODS: This study applies a national-level safety impact evaluation model to assess the safety benefits of ACC in China, including the potential maximum impact and realistic impact. Road traffic fatality and severe injury trends in China, proportion of different collision types in China, effectiveness of collision avoidance, and market penetration rate of ACC are considered in the potential maximum impact scenario. Furthermore, the ACC activation rate and the technology's technical limitations, including its effectiveness in different weather, light, speed, and road conditions, are discussed in the realistic scenario. RESULTS: With a 100% market penetration rate, fatalities could be reduced by 5.48%, and injuries could be reduced by 4.91%. With a large increase in market penetration rate of ACC in the coming future, the reductions in fatalities and severe injuries are 324-957 and 1,035-2,737 in 2025 and 531-1,579 and 1,604-4,242 in 2030. Considering ACC's activation rate and its 4 main limitations, the adjusted realistic result is approximately one-third of the potential maximum result. CONCLUSIONS: The result clearly shows that the ACC system can improve road traffic safety in China. Technical limitations have a great impact on ACC's safety benefits. Of all of the limiting factors, the turn-on rate provides the most room for improvement, and improving the suitability of the ACC system on curved and sloped roads provides the smallest effect.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , China , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Tempo (Meteorologia)
10.
Traffic Inj Prev ; 22(4): 284-289, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33769151

RESUMO

Objective: Forward collision warning (FCW) and automatic emergency braking (AEB) have the potential to prevent or mitigate many large truck crashes. While these systems are known to be effective in passenger vehicles, less is known about their effectiveness in large trucks. The objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of these systems in reducing real-world crash rates of large trucks.Methods: Data on Class 8 trucks operating on limited-access highways during 2017-2019 were obtained from SmartDrive Systems. Detailed data on exposure measures and crash circumstances were extracted from video footage by both automated means and manual coding. Crash rates were compared by front crash prevention technology (FCW, AEB, neither), both for all police-reportable crashes overall and for relevant crash types.Results: FCW was associated with a statistically significant 22% reduction in the rate of police-reportable crashes per vehicle miles traveled, and a significant 44% reduction in the rear-end crash rate of large trucks. AEB also was associated with significant reductions-12% overall and 41% for rear-end crashes. Warnings were issued in 31% of rear-end crashes for FCW-equipped trucks. AEB intervened in 43% of rear-end crashes; about two thirds of these interventions involved autobrake activations. On average, speed was reduced by over half between the time of the intervention and impact for both systems. Observed reductions in same-direction sideswipe and roadway departure crashes per mile traveled were smaller in magnitude than those of rear-end crashes; these were consistent with other crash avoidance technologies suspected to be bundled with FCW/AEB in some cases, and very few front crash prevention interventions occurred in these types of crashes.Conclusions: FCW and AEB are effective countermeasures for crashes in which large trucks rear-end other vehicles. Large truck safety is expected to improve as new trucks are increasingly equipped with these systems. FCW has the advantage that some of these systems can be retrofitted to existing trucks, so benefits can be realized sooner and with less investment.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Veículos Automotores/estatística & dados numéricos , Equipamentos de Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Emergências , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Polícia
11.
Traffic Inj Prev ; 22(4): 294-300, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33729056

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Human error by either rider or other vehicle driver is the primary contributing factor in crashes involving powered-two-wheelers. A human-factor-based crash analysis methodology is key to enhancing the road safety effectiveness of rider training interventions. Our aim is to define a methodology that uses in-depth data to identify the skills needed by riders in the highest risk crash configurations to reduce casualty rates. METHODS: The methodology is illustrated through a case study using in-depth data of 803 powered-two-wheeler crashes. Seven types of high-risk crash configuration based on pre-crash trajectories of the road-users involved were considered to investigate the human errors as crash contributors. Primary crash contributing factor, evasive maneuvers performed, horizontal roadway alignment and speed-related factors were identified, along with the most frequent crash configurations and those with the greatest risk of severe injury. RESULTS: Straight Crossing Path/Lateral Direction was the most frequent crash configuration and Turn Across Path/Opposing Direction was identified as that with the highest risk of serious injury. Multi-vehicle crashes cannot be considered as a homogenous category of crashes to which the same human failure is attributed, as different interactions between motorcyclists and other road users are associated with both different types of human error and different rider reactions. Human error in multiple-vehicle crashes differed between those configurations related to crossroads and those related to rear-end and head-end crashes. Both single-vehicle crashes and multi-vehicle head-on crashes frequently occur along curves. The involved collision avoidance maneuvers of the riders differed significantly among the highest risk crash configurations. The most relevant lack of skills are identified and linked to their most representative context. In most cases a combination of different skills was required simultaneously to avoid the crash. CONCLUSIONS: The results contribute to understand the motorcyclists' responses in high-risk crash scenarios. The findings underline the need to group accident cases, beyond the usual single-vehicle versus multi-vehicle collision approach. The different interactions with other road users should be considered to identify the competencies of the motorcyclists needed to reduce crash risks. Our methodology can be applied to increase the motorcyclists' safety by supporting preventive actions based on riders' training and eventually ADAS design.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Condução de Veículo/educação , Motocicletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Condução de Veículo/normas , Emergências , Humanos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodos , Medição de Risco
12.
South Med J ; 114(2): 106-110, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33537792

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During the past decade, all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries treated in US emergency departments decreased by 33%, down to approximately 100,000 injuries in 2016. In comparison, the number of children evaluated for ATV injuries in the Children's of Alabama emergency department more than doubled between 2006 and 2016, counter to the national trend. The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines state that ATV operators should be at least 16 years old; however, children younger than 16 continue to represent almost one-third of all ATV-related injuries nationwide, and nearly all of the injuries to children in Alabama. METHODS: Using surveillance data from the Children's of Alabama hospital electronic medical record database, several Alabama counties near Birmingham were identified as having an increased number of children with ATV-related injuries in 2016. The Safety Tips for ATV Riders (STARs) program, developed in Iowa, was provided to middle school students in these counties by pediatric residents. Surveys were anonymously administered to children before and after the program and included information about demographics, knowledge of safe ATV practices, and the likelihood of using the education afterward. RESULTS: In total, 525 students participated in January 2019; their ages ranged from 11 to 15 years and the proportion of males and females was equivalent. More than 50% of the children reported riding ATVs in the last 12 months, and of these riders, 47% reported never wearing a helmet when riding. Initially, only 20% of the overall participants knew ATVs were not intended for passengers, 20% knew the recommended engine size for their age, and 57% knew that Alabama law prohibits riding on public roads. After education, this increased to 91%, 90%, and 89%, respectively. Before the STARs program, only 6% knew all three correct answers, whereas 80% answered all of the questions correctly on the postprogram survey. After the program, 34% reported they were very likely/likely to use this information in the future. CONCLUSIONS: The STARs program dramatically improved short-term ATV safety knowledge, and many participants reported they were likely to subsequently use the safe practices presented. School-based programs, such as STARs, may help increase ATV safety awareness and change behaviors in high-risk age groups. This training may be successfully provided by various motivated individuals, including medical residents.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Veículos Off-Road , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Alabama , Criança , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Dispositivos de Proteção da Cabeça , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Instituições Acadêmicas , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Pediatr Emerg Care ; 37(1): e32-e36, 2021 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33394947

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between fireworks and patient characteristics is not known. Our objective was to examine how severe fireworks-related injuries in children and teens compare to adults. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case series (2005-2015) study of patients who sustained consumer fireworks-related injuries requiring hospital admission and/or operation at a single level 1 trauma/burn center. The distribution of race, use behavior, injury type, body region injured, and firework type was examined by age groups, 1 to 10 years, 11 to 17 years, and 18 years or older. RESULTS: Data from 294 patients 1 to 61 years of age (mean, 24 years) were examined. The majority (91%) were male. The proportion of injuries from different firework types varied by age, with rockets causing the highest proportion in children aged 1 to 10 years, homemade fireworks in those aged 11 to 17 years, and shells/mortars in adults 18 years or older. Compared with adults, children aged 1 to 10 years were more frequently American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, or Asian than White. Compared with adults, children aged 1 to 10 years and 11 to 17 years were more frequently bystanders than active users. Compared with adults, children aged 1 to 10 years and 11 to 17 years had a greater proportion of burn and face injuries. Children aged 1 to 10 years had a decreased proportion of hand injuries. Three patients, 2 adults and 1 child aged 11 to 17 years, died. CONCLUSIONS: Children, teens, and adults experience severe fireworks-related injuries differently, by demographic characteristics, injury patterns, and firework types. Tailored public health interventions could target safety messaging and injury prevention outreach efforts to reduce firework injuries among children and adolescents.


Assuntos
Traumatismos por Explosões/epidemiologia , Queimaduras/epidemiologia , Substâncias Explosivas/efeitos adversos , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Traumatismos por Explosões/etiologia , Traumatismos por Explosões/mortalidade , Traumatismos por Explosões/prevenção & controle , Queimaduras/etiologia , Queimaduras/prevenção & controle , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Traumatismos Oculares/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Faciais/epidemiologia , Feminino , Traumatismos da Mão/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Traumatologia , Adulto Jovem
14.
Auris Nasus Larynx ; 48(4): 571-576, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33223340

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Adults over the age of 65 years with balance disorders are at about twice the risk of falls, compared with those without balance disorders. Falls contribute to about 74% of the proximal femoral fractures commonly seen in the elderly. Since balance disorders are more prevalent in older adults than in younger adults, it is important to deal with balance disorders in older adults to prevent falls and the resulting deterioration in their ADL (activity of daily living). In this study, we investigated the effects of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) and cane use on improving gait and balance in patients aged over 65 years with balance disorder. METHODS: Patients aged over 65 years presenting to the Department of Otolaryngology at St. Marianna University School of Medicine between July 1 and November 1, 2018, with symptoms of dizziness for ≥ 3 months and a Japanese translation of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory score of ≥ 26 were included in the study. We quantitatively analyzed their gait before and after VR, and with and without the use of a cane. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients participated in the study (14 women; mean age 73.9 ± 6.9 years). Before VR, using a cane made no difference to step length or walking speed. After VR, using a cane increased step length from 50.5 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.4-53.7 cm) to 52.0 cm (95% CI, 48.9-55.1 cm) (p = 0.039). There was no change in walking speed. A comparison of walking assessment results while using a cane before and after VR showed that step length increased from 49.9 cm (95% CI, 46.6-53.2 cm) to 52.0 cm (95% CI, 48.9-55.1 cm) (p = 0.005), and walking speed increased from 90.5 cm/s (95% CI, 82.7-98.4 cm/s) to 96.1 cm/s (95% CI, 88.3-103.9 cm/s) (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Walking speed and step length with the use of a cane significantly improved following VR. VR and cane use may act synergistically to improve walking.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Bengala , Tontura/reabilitação , Marcha/fisiologia , Doenças Vestibulares/reabilitação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Equilíbrio Postural , Reflexo de Endireitamento , Vertigem/reabilitação , Doenças Vestibulares/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Evocados Miogênicos Vestibulares/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Velocidade de Caminhada/fisiologia
15.
Ergonomics ; 64(2): 149-170, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32966161

RESUMO

Within minutes, an incipient fire can develop into a life-threatening full fire. Consequently, it should be fought as early as possible. But are laypersons capable of doing this? In such a situation, how do they behave and feel? These questions are addressed in the current study. Persons without any professional firefighting training (N = 64) were confronted in two experimental runs with a real incipient fire in the form of a burning pillow. The results show that most participants were motivated and able to extinguish the fire successfully. However, most of them made a number of mistakes. Of central importance for extinguishing the fire was self-efficacy. Furthermore, participants improved greatly in the second round, especially regarding reaction time span and various psychological variables (e.g. stress, mood). Particularly on the basis of these exercise effects, we can derive a number of practical implications. Practitioner Summary: Laypersons are willing and able to successfully fight an incipient fire. Yet, their behaviour is not optimal and could lead to self-endangerment. Thus, it is critically important that people perform practical exercises as part of fire safety trainings and repeat them after some time. Abbreviatons: TPB: theory of planned behaviour; CIT: critical incident technique; MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Emergências , Medo/psicologia , Incêndios/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
16.
Ergonomics ; 64(1): 113-128, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32875952

RESUMO

Slips, trips and other movement disturbances account for 20 to 30% of recorded occupational accidents (OAs). The causal representations of these accidents hamper their prevention. An analysis method dedicated to occupational accidents with movement disturbance (OAMDs) has been developed to change these representations. In France, the causal tree method (CTM) is very commonly used for analysing OAs. An initial version of an OAMD analysis method, which overcomes the problems encountered when analysing these accidents using the CTM, has been developed. This OAMD analysis method was reviewed by six targeted prevention officers and as a result some proposals have been discarded and this initial version has been transformed into three additional CTM modules. The purpose of these modules is to identify human and organisational factors and provide a formal representation of damage caused, beyond bodily injuries. Practitioner summary: A method for analysing occupational accidents triggered by a slip, a trip or any other movement disturbance has been developed in consideration of the practices and constraints in companies. In particular, this method allows us to highlight the human and organisational factors involved in the accident situation. Abbreviations: OA: occupational accident; OAMD: occupational accident with movement disturbance; CTM: causal tree method.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Ergonomia/métodos , Gestão da Segurança , França , Humanos , Modelos Organizacionais , Fatores de Risco , Local de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos
17.
Am J Public Health ; 111(2): 309-317, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33351652

RESUMO

Objectives. To examine whether lethal means counseling and provision of cable locks prompt safe firearm storage relative to control among firearm-owning members of the Mississippi National Guard.Methods. This randomized controlled trial utilized a 2 × 2 factorial design (lethal means counseling vs control, provision of cable locks vs no cable locks). Follow-up assessments took place at 3 and 6 months after baseline. Data were collected (n = 232; 87.5% male; mean age = 35.01 years; 77.2% White) from February 2018 through July 2020.Results. Relative to control, lethal means counseling and provision of cable locks resulted in greater adoption of several safe storage methods over time. Lethal means counseling outperformed control (3 months: 55.0% vs 39.0%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.91). Cable locks outperformed control at 3 and 6 months on number of storage methods (1.41 vs 1.11; d = 0.29 and 1.34 vs 1.16; d = 0.15, respectively) and locking devices (59.8% vs 29.9%; OR = 3.49 and 58.4% vs 35.8%; OR = 2.52, respectively)Conclusions. Lethal means counseling and cable locks can result in sustained changes in firearm storage.Public Health Implications. The military may benefit from lethal means counseling, perhaps administering at point of entry.Trial Registration. Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT03375099.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes , Aconselhamento/métodos , Armas de Fogo , Militares , Prevenção de Acidentes/instrumentação , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Armas de Fogo/normas , Armas de Fogo/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mississippi , Segurança/normas , Adulto Jovem
18.
In. Jiménez Acosta, Santa Magaly†; Esquivel Lauzurique, Mercedes. La atención a la salud en los primeros 1000 días de la vida: experiencia cubana. La Habana, Editorial Ciencias Médicas, 2021. .
Monografia em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-77674
20.
J Nurs Meas ; 28(3): 439-454, 2020 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33199480

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Using remote visual monitoring (RVM) technology to observe patients at high risk for falls can effectively reduce falls and sitter costs. However, RVM is underutilized by direct care nurses. This study describes the development and testing of a new tool to measure nurses' acceptance of RVM technology. METHODS: The RVM Acceptance Tool (RVMAT) was tested among nurses recruited from a large health system. RESULTS: Three factors accounted for 70.38% of the total variance: Value, Patient Selection, and Availability and Intent to Use. The overall 25-item scale had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .98). CONCLUSION: The RVMAT is a theoretically grounded, valid, and reliable tool. Further research is needed to test its use in predicting nurses' acceptance and intent to incorporate new technology into daily nursing care.


Assuntos
Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica/psicologia , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem no Hospital/psicologia , Gravação em Vídeo/métodos , Adulto , Atitude Frente aos Computadores , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados de Enfermagem/psicologia , Psicometria/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas
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